Fes: The Spiritual and Cultural Heart of Morocco

Fes, one of Morocco's most captivating imperial cities, is a place where history comes alive. Often called the country's spiritual and cultural capital, it is renowned for its ancient medina, vibrant traditions, and major contributions to Moroccan heritage.

Population

As of the 2024 census, Fes is home to 1.256 million people, making it one of the largest cities in Morocco.

A Journey Through Fes's Rich History

Fes was founded in 789 CE by Idris I, founder of the Idrisid dynasty. The city initially consisted of two settlements on opposite banks of the Jawhar River. Under Almoravid Sultan Yusuf ibn Tashfin, these settlements were united in 1070, forming Fes el-Bali (Old Fes).

The city reached its golden age during the Marinid dynasty (13th–15th centuries), when it became the political capital. Numerous madrasas and mosques were built, many still standing today as masterpieces of Moorish and Moroccan architecture. In 1276, Fes Jdid (New Fes) was established as a new administrative district, housing the Royal Palace.

Fes later vied with Marrakesh for political and cultural dominance. Under the 'Alawi dynasty, it served as the capital until 1912. Its historical and religious significance earned it the titles "Mecca of the West" and "Athens of Africa."

Famous Sites and Historical Monuments

• Medina of Fez (Fes el-Bali): A UNESCO World Heritage Site, one of the largest and oldest pedestrian urban zones in the world. Its alleys, souks, and ancient buildings offer an immersive journey into history.
• University of al-Qarawiyyin: Founded in 857, recognized as the oldest continuously operating higher education institution. It began as a mosque and became a leading center of learning.
• Chouara Tannery: Dating back to the 11th century, one of the oldest tanneries in the world, demonstrating traditional leather dyeing methods.
• Fes Jdid: "New Fes" district, home to the Royal Palace (Dar al-Makhzen) and historic Mellah (Jewish quarter).
• Madrasas: Beautifully preserved Islamic colleges, including Bou Inania and Al-Attarine Madrasas, noted for intricate tilework, carved stucco, and elegant courtyards.
• Bab Bou Jeloud: The iconic "Blue Gate," adorned with blue and green tiles, serving as the grand entrance to Fes el-Bali.
• Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss II: Sacred shrine dedicated to Idris II, a founder of the city and revered Moroccan figure.

Fes’s legacy as a center of scholarship, art, and spirituality makes it essential for anyone wishing to experience the depth of Moroccan culture.

References

• Wikipedia. Fez, Morocco. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez,_Morocco